Too many students jump into the writing process before adequately researching their subject matter. Doing this initial research helps narrow the topic. For example, if you want to write about the Harlem Renaissance, researching the subject helps narrow that topic to something more specific, such as a particular writer, the impact of that time period or criticism of the movement.
The Internet gives access to numerous sources with a quick search, so this is where most people begin their research. However, knowing which sources are the best to use can be difficult. Ascertain which resources are the most credible by looking at the author of the information. Check his credentials for relevancy to the topic. Find web addresses that end in ".edu" or ".gov." These are reliable. Ask your instructor for advice on the best places to find research material for your subject. Also, don't forget to look at traditional text resources such as books, journals and newspapers.
A thesis statement explains in one or two sentences the main point of the paper. It is found at the end of the essay's introduction. Often, students feel that a research paper does not need an explicit thesis and that their main idea needs only to be presented through the research. Not writing a thesis statement keeps the reader from knowing what the essay is about and keeps the paper from staying focused and on-topic.
Trying to incorporate too much research creates a disorganized paper. Realize that not everything should be incorporated into the essay. Pick the research that best supports the thesis and is from the most credible sources. Create body paragraphs that are each centered on one idea and show how that idea is relevant to the point of the paper.
While the instructor determines what type of format should be used for the research paper, it is the writer's job to learn and follow that format's rules and guidelines. Common formats include Modern Language Association (MLA), American Psychological Association (APA) and the Chicago Manual of Style. Each style has specific instructions on setting up a research paper and properly citing sources. Use a style manual to create the correct format.
Writing a research paper takes time, and many students make the mistake of not budgeting enough time to do the research, synthesize the material, write a first draft of the essay, review the draft and then make meaningful changes. Not allowing adequate time for these activities results in a paper that is underdeveloped and haphazardly written.