Each proposal tends to include the following components, with variations: an introduction, statement of problem, objectives, the solution (or proposal), implementation method, resources, schedule, qualifications, management structure, budget and conclusion. The easiest way to evaluate a proposal is to ascertain whether the proposal has each of the required sections. This method allows you to cull proposals not tailored to a specific call for proposal. Calls for proposal -- or CFPs -- are issued by organizations that have individuals or research groups submit proposals on a specific topic.
All proposals require thorough and accurate research. For contemporary problems, research should reflect the most up-to-date and reliable information possible. For instance, proposals -- particularly those in scientific fields -- written in late 2005 should include information from no earlier than late 2004. Additionally, research and information should be from credible sources. Though different fields tend to recognize individual, field-specific books and journals as bastions of credibility, most peer-reviewed publications and research reports can be reasonably expected to provide credible, accurate information.
As the purpose of proposals is to suggest a course of action, it is important that this course of action be practical and practicable. The proposed solution should fit the scope of the problem, and that solution should be something that is conceivably accomplished. For example, while proposing the systematic extermination of cockroaches would address infestation problems, such a proposed solution is infeasible because it is too difficult a task.
Though feasibility, thorough research and orderly structure are necessary components of a workable proposal, many proposal reviewers may jump straight to the cost component, as that component represents their financial interest in the execution of the proposal. Many CFPs indicate specific budgetary constraints for all submitted proposals. Proposals with budgets higher than this amount will typically be abandoned, while proposals well short of this amount may be dismissed as a cheap and ineffective proposed solution.