* A Topic Sentence: This sentence introduces the main idea of the paragraph. It acts like a mini-thesis statement for the paragraph. Think of it as a roadmap telling the reader what the paragraph will be about.
* Supporting Details/Evidence: This is the bulk of your paragraph. Use specific details and examples to support your topic sentence. Show, don't tell. Instead of saying "She was sad," describe her slumped shoulders, the way her eyes welled up, and the tremor in her voice.
* Sensory Details: Engage the reader's senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch). Make your writing vivid and memorable by describing things in a way that allows the reader to experience them.
* Strong Verbs and Active Voice: Use strong, descriptive verbs to make your writing more engaging. Active voice ("The dog chased the ball") is generally more dynamic than passive voice ("The ball was chased by the dog").
* Figurative Language (Sparingly): Metaphors, similes, and personification can add depth and interest, but don't overuse them. Make sure they enhance your writing, not distract from it. Middle school is a good time to experiment with these, but focus on clarity first.
* Logical Flow and Transitions (where appropriate): The sentences should flow smoothly from one to the next, creating a coherent whole. Transitions (words or phrases like "however," "therefore," "in addition") can help connect ideas and create a logical progression.
* Unity and Coherence: Everything in the paragraph should relate to the topic sentence. Avoid including irrelevant details or straying off-topic.
Example:
Instead of: "The party was fun. There were games. We ate cake."
Try: "The party exploded with joyous chaos. Pin the tail on the donkey devolved into a giggling, shrieking free-for-all, streamers flying like confetti in a hurricane. The chocolate cake, rich and decadent, vanished almost instantly, leaving behind only a few crumbs and a lingering sweetness in the air."
Remember, paragraphs don't have to be long. A short, well-written paragraph is better than a long, rambling one. Aim for clear, concise writing that keeps the reader engaged.