1. Point of View: This refers to who is telling the story and how they perceive events. Common types include:
* First Person: The narrator is a character in the story, using "I" and "me."
* Second Person: The narrator directly addresses the reader, using "you."
* Third Person Limited: The narrator focuses on the thoughts and feelings of one character.
* Third Person Omniscient: The narrator knows everything about all characters and events.
2. Dialogue: Conversations between characters reveal their personalities, relationships, and plot points. Effective dialogue is realistic, concise, and reveals character traits.
3. Setting: The time and place of the story can significantly influence the mood, atmosphere, and character actions.
4. Pacing: The speed at which the story unfolds. A fast pace creates tension and excitement, while a slow pace allows for character development and reflection.
5. Structure: The way the story is organized. Common structures include:
* Linear: Events unfold chronologically.
* Non-linear: Events jump back and forth in time.
* In medias res: Starts in the middle of the action.
6. Conflict: The central struggle that drives the story. This can be internal (character vs. self) or external (character vs. another person, nature, society, etc.).
7. Theme: The central idea or message the story explores. This can be explicit or implicit, and can be conveyed through various techniques.
Beyond these 7:
* Imagery: Using vivid descriptions to create sensory experiences for the reader.
* Symbolism: Using objects or characters to represent abstract ideas.
* Foreshadowing: Hints or clues about future events.
* Flashback: A scene that interrupts the chronological order of the story to show an event from the past.
Remember, these are just some of the many narrative techniques used in storytelling. The best techniques will vary depending on the story and the desired effect.