Early Attempts:
* Fingerspelling: Helen's first teacher, Anne Sullivan Macy, initially tried to teach her by spelling words on her hand. However, Helen didn't understand the connection between the finger movements and the objects they represented. She was frustrated and confused.
* Tactile Objects: Sullivan used objects and actions to connect words with their meanings. For example, she would hold Helen's hand in running water to teach her the word "water." This method helped Helen begin to grasp the concept of words.
The Breakthrough:
* "Water" Moment: The iconic "water" moment was a turning point. While Helen was playing in the garden, Sullivan poured water on Helen's hand and repeatedly signed "w-a-t-e-r." Helen realized that the sensation of the water and the sign corresponded. This marked the beginning of Helen's understanding of language.
* Sign Language as a Bridge: Sign language was crucial in this breakthrough. It allowed Helen to connect the abstract concept of words with physical sensations and actions.
Development and Progression:
* Expanding Vocabulary: Sullivan continued to teach Helen new signs, using objects and actions to reinforce their meaning. This included everyday objects, actions, and concepts.
* Visual and Tactile Learning: Helen learned sign language not only through touch but also by watching others sign and feeling their hand movements. She was a visual learner and used this ability to learn new signs.
* Learning Grammar: Sullivan taught Helen the grammar of sign language, including sentence structure and verb conjugation. This was a challenging but essential step in her language development.
* Communication with Others: Helen's ability to sign allowed her to communicate with others who were deaf or hard of hearing. She found a community within the deaf world and used sign language to share her experiences and ideas.
Impact:
Helen Keller's journey of learning sign language is a testament to the power of communication and the importance of finding alternative ways to learn. It also highlights the vital role sign language plays in empowering deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals.