In contrast, "remember to post a letter" is a reminder or a future intent to perform the act of posting a letter. It's a reminder to oneself to take action and send a letter in the future.
So, the main difference between the two lies in the timing of the action. 'Posting a letter' refers to the action happening now or in the past, while 'remember to post a letter' is a reminder to do it at a later time.