In all areas of cosmetology, hygiene and sanitation are extremely important. When dealing with people's hair, skin and nails, it's imperative to learn how to keep the tools and instruments clean and sanitized. Students are taught proper safety techniques for using beauty tools and will also learn adequate cleaning of the tools and the maintenance and sanitation of work stations. Classes cover specific state sanitation laws and regulations.
One of the most popular areas of cosmetology is hair care. In this course, students learn techniques for shampooing, coloring and scalp treatments. There are also basic, intermediate and advanced courses that include hair anatomy, biology and structure. Additional courses include a wide variety of cutting and styling techniques, chemical treatments for straightening and curling, thermal reconditioning, textures, styling tools and a history of hairstyles.
Cosmetology classes in nail care cover the basics in nail anatomy, health, safety and nail abnormalities and disease. Students will learn manicure and pedicure procedures including cuticle and nail cutting, shaping, as well as how to massage the hands and feet. They will practice the proper application of paraffin dips, spa treatments, hot oils and wraps. Students will learn techniques for applying artificial nail tips such as gel and acrylic and the course will include polishing and maintenance.
A facial is a process of massaging and caring for the skin of the face. Students learn about skin analysis and anatomy, the proper tools for a facial and cosmetics for the face. A course can also include specialized techniques for peels and masks and how to give a facial massage. Some classes cover skin conditioning and electrical facials. Cosmetologist skin courses are sometimes combined with aesthetics courses and makeup application.
A salon management course will cover basic operational skills for running and managing a salon. Students will learn skills including communication, organization and marketing. Depending on the school, this may be a required course. Other topics covered may include hiring personnel, state licensing regulations, how to acquire clients and starting your own business.