How to Calculate the Opportunity Cost in Microeconomics

The opportunity cost is defined as the cost of the opportunity you give up to pursue another opportunity. Virtually every decision you make has an opportunity cost. When you spend money on consumer goods, there is an opportunity cost associated with the fact they you didn't invest that money. When you decide to go to a four-year college, there is an opportunity cost associated with the money you lose by not taking a job. On the flip side of this example, if you decide to work instead of going to school, there is an opportunity cost associated with the future increase in salary that you will not receive.

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Instructions

    • 1

      Evaluate your alternatives. For example, if you have $40,000 you may need to decide between purchasing a new $40,000 car that you love or a less-desirable used car for $18,000 and investing the remaining $22,000 into an interest-bearing savings account.

    • 2

      Calculate the opportunity cost associated with your more-desirable option. In the above example, the more-desirable option is to purchase the new car for $40,000. The opportunity cost will be the loss associated with not investing the $22,000 into a savings account if you bought the used car. Let's assume you can invest the 22,000 into a conservative interest-bearing retirement account at 8% and you can leave the money in the account for 30 years without touching it. Using a financial calculator, at the end of 30 years, the account would have grown to $221,378.45. In this scenario, the opportunity cost of purchasing the $40,000 is $221,378.45

    • 3

      Calculate the opportunity cost associated with purchasing the less-desirable option. Continuing with the example, the less-desirable option is to purchase the used car for $18,000. The used car will require more maintenance than the new car. Let's assume that the used car will require $1,000 a year more in maintenance than the new car. In this case, the opportunity cost of not purchasing the new car is $1,000 a year.

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