How Do the Ocean Sunfish Catch Food?

Ocean sunfish refers to large bony fish species that form the family Molidae. Also called mola fish, the ocean sunfish do not have back fins, which give them an unusual truncated bullet-like body shape. Mola is Latin for "millstone," a reference to the their circular shape, while the common name sunfish comes from their habit of lying on their side when near the surface, as if sunbathing. Ocean sunfish have beak-shaped small mouths with fused teeth, which they keep always open. They feed on zooplankton, small fish, algae and other food sources by simply swimming towards the food with their open mouths.
  1. Diet

    • Jellyfish and other gelatinous zooplankton are the most common prey of the ocean sunfish. However, they also feed on squid, crustaceans, sponges, brittle-stars, eel grass, small fishes and mollusks. Ocean sunfish can forage near the surface, in areas with abundant seaweed, but also in deeper areas, on the seafloor. Despite their large size, ocean sunfish only feed on small prey due to their small and fused jaws.

    Size and Color

    • The length of most species of ocean sunfish is 6 feet, in average, while the weigh is about 2200 lbs. However, some sunfish can weigh as much as 5,000 lbs. and measure 11 feet, according to the National Geographic. Ranzania laevis, or the slender mole, is the smallest species, rarely measuring more than 4 feet in length. Ocean sunfish vary in color, but are often gray with grayish-to-white patterns, sometimes showing an iridescent sheen. Color varies according to geographic area. Sunfish found in Bali, for instance, are often darker than those living in Southern California.

    Species and Geographic Distribution

    • Although the biological classification of ocean sunfish has changed many times in the past, four species of sunfish are currently recognized: the roundtailed or common mola (Mola mola), the sharp-tailed mola (Masturus lanceolatus), the slender mola (Ranzania laevis) and the southern mola (Mola ramsayi). Although most sunfish species are distributed throughout temperate and tropical oceans, Mola ramsayi is only found in the southern hemisphere, especially in the Pacific Ocean.

    Parasites and Predators

    • The common sunfish can host more than 40 different genera of parasites, including crustaceans, worms and amoebas. The species has a thick and rubbery skin, measuring up to 3 inches in thickness. Predators of sunfish include orcas and more often sea lions, which rip off the fins and sometimes abandon the prey still alive. The remains of sunfish that reach the seafloor feed bat stars and other species of starfish.

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