The introduction of special education in Nigeria was influenced by several factors, including:
1. Government Policies and Initiatives:
- Universal Basic Education (UBE): The UBE program, introduced in 2004, emphasized inclusive education and access to basic education for all children, including those with disabilities. Special education was identified as a critical component of achieving UBE goals.
2. International Conventions and Agreements:
- The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD): Nigeria ratified the CRPD in 2014, committing to uphold the rights of individuals with disabilities, including the right to education. Special education provisions were seen as crucial to fulfilling these commitments.
3. Advocacy and Grassroots Movements:
- Local Advocacy Groups: Organizations and advocates worked tirelessly to raise awareness about the needs of children with disabilities and push for inclusive education policies. Their efforts contributed to increased recognition of the significance of special education.
4. Demographic Shifts:
- Rising Population: With a growing population, the number of children with disabilities also increased. Providing specialized education became vital in addressing the diverse needs of these children.
5. Globalization and International Cooperation:
- International Collaborations: Partnerships with international organizations and governments played a significant role in providing expertise, resources, and training opportunities for developing special education initiatives in Nigeria.
6. Economic Considerations:
- Investment in Human Capital: Investing in the education of children with disabilities was seen as a way to unlock their potential and contribute to the economic productivity of the nation.
7. Changing Social Attitudes:
- Increased Awareness: There was a gradual shift in societal attitudes toward individuals with disabilities, recognizing their capabilities and the need for supportive educational interventions.
8. Legal Framework:
- Enactment of Laws: Nigeria's Disability Act was passed in 2018, further strengthening the legal basis for supporting the rights of persons with disabilities, including access to education.
These factors collectively contributed to the development and establishment of special education in Nigeria, with the aim of providing inclusive and quality education opportunities for children and individuals with disabilities across the country.