To work as a special needs instructor in any discipline, including dance, you must earn official state licensing, which requires a minimum of a bachelor's degree in special education. Expect classes in emotional disturbance and learning disability, among other relevant fields. For the best success, learn techniques in a broad range of styles, from ballet to modern.
An excellent special education instructor treats each student as an individual. However, in general, simple dance movements are most appropriate for special needs dancers. Encourage them to focus on one particular aspect of their movement, such as beautiful hands that flow through the air. Pace adult students according to their ability, not necessarily their age. A 25-year-old in hip-hop should concentrate on shoulder blows, fundamental moves in which the dancer makes casual punching movements while rolling his shoulders. Advanced choreography like pop-and-lock combinations, where muscles in the body are quickly contracted and released in harmony to the music, should be avoided.
Patience and flexibility are watchwords for special needs instructors, even for adult students. Instead of planning a single, 45-minute course, devise three 15-minute sessions; this will help the students maintain concentration, and allow you the freedom to adjust to their rhythm. Emphasize order and politeness while in class, as a disability does not excuse bad behavior. At the same time, be sure to use clear, positive words when speaking with students. A teacher who creates a relaxed atmosphere, by speaking with a cheerful tone, will help students respond better to her instruction.
Though dance class can provide special needs students with an outlet for self-expression, instructors should encourage and facilitate even more participation. Special needs adults have fewer venues for socialization than other people. Dance events can foster a sense of community and openness, as well as an opportunity for students to feel "normal" for a night. Involve your students' families and therapists in the action. Consider a theme for the event, such as Fourth of July or '80s Night, for an additional special touch.