How to Cite Within a Paper

Style guides are used to determine how a resource should be cited in a paper. There are several types of style guides, each which is used for different subjects. The Chicago Manual of Style is used for most non-journalistic writing, except for the fields specified. Papers or academic journals in the social sciences use American Psychological Association (APA) style and physical sciences use American Chemistry Society (ACS) style. Most other papers use the Modern Language Association of America (MLA) style for citations.

Instructions

    • 1

      Reference in-text MLA citations by simply putting the last name of the author and the page number in parentheses. For example: (Austen 358).

    • 2

      Cite references in APA style as author, the publication year and the page number referenced. The citation should be in parentheses. For example: (Kinsella, 2008, p. 48.)

    • 3

      Use footnotes to cite in Chicago style. List the last name of the author, the first four words of the title (in italics) and the page number used. For example: 1. Lewis, The Screwtape Letters, 73. If you reference the exact same footnote twice in a row, you can use "ibid., page number." For example: 1. Lewis, The Screwtape Letters, 73. 2. Ibid., 102.

    • 4

      Format an ACS in-text citation as the author's last name and the publication date in parentheses. For example: (Smith, 1997).

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