Start with a claim that indicates why you support or oppose the issue. A claim is defined by Toulmin as a statement you plan to argue.
Present data -- relevant facts and evidence -- to support your claim. Ensure that all data is drawn from reputable sources and make note of where in the text you found supporting facts.
Present your "warrant," which the Purdue Online Writing Lab defines as a bridge that serves as the “underlying assumption that connects your data to your claim.” These would be logical statements, such as "if X, then Y." Add reasoning that supports the warrant if necessary.
Use qualifiers that limit the scope of the claims, if necessary, such as "typically," "usually," "on the whole" and "in most cases." Indicate exceptions for situations in which you would not insist on the claim.
Offer a counterclaim, an argument from the opposing side of the issue, to appear more credible. Ensure you have backing data for these counterclaims as well. Note opposing sides throughout your argument. Use a rebuttal to demonstrate that the counterclaim is not correct.
Craft a conclusion that sums up your main points and discusses any broad implications stemming from your argument to give the reader additional food for thought.