A career in operations research requires the use of statistics, algorithms and mathematical modeling to help make decisions about problems that occur in the execution of an organization’s daily operations and management. Operations research analysts are employed in almost every industry. Entry requires a bachelor’s degree in math typically followed by a master's degree in operations research.
A quantitative analyst is a specialist that applies numerical and quantitative techniques to the stock market. They use their skills to provide risk management, arbitrage, electronic market making and algorithmic trading. Entrants to this field will usually hold a PhD in math. Recent years have seen the introduction of specialized masters and PhD degrees in mathematical finance and financial engineering.
An actuary works in insurance and applies statistical and financial theories to assess the financial costs and probability of certain events occurring. They are responsible for managing, advising and evaluating financial risks. The Society of Actuaries and the Casualty Actuarial Society provide the exams which potential math graduates must pass for entry into the career.