Semester V
Paper I: Physical Chemistry
Unit I: Quantum Chemistry
- Introduction to quantum mechanics: Wave-particle duality, Schrödinger equation, and its applications to simple systems.
- Quantum numbers and their significance.
- Atomic orbitals: Shapes and properties.
- Aufbau principle and Pauli exclusion principle.
- Electronic configurations of atoms and molecules.
Unit II: Chemical Bonding
- Ionic bonding: Lattice energy and Born-Haber cycle.
- Covalent bonding: Valence bond theory and molecular orbital theory.
- Hybridization: sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridization.
- Molecular structure: VSEPR theory and valence shell electron pair repulsion.
Unit III: Thermodynamics
- Laws of thermodynamics: Zeroth law, first law, second law, and third law.
- Thermodynamic functions: Enthalpy, entropy, and free energy.
- Heat capacity and specific heat.
- Chemical equilibrium: Equilibrium constant, Le Chatelier's principle, and applications.
Unit IV: Electrochemistry
- Electrochemical cells: Galvanic cells and electrolytic cells.
- Electrode potentials and standard electrode potentials.
- Nernst equation and its applications.
- Electrolysis: Faraday's laws of electrolysis.
Unit V: Kinetics of Chemical Reactions
- Rate of a reaction and factors affecting it.
- Order and molecularity of reactions.
- Integrated rate laws: First order, second order, and zero order reactions.
- Arrhenius equation and activation energy.
- Theories of reaction rates: Collision theory and transition state theory.
Semester VI
Paper II: Inorganic Chemistry
Unit I: Coordination Chemistry
- Werner's coordination theory: Ligands, coordination number, and geometry of coordination complexes.
- Crystal field theory: Splitting of d-orbitals in octahedral and tetrahedral complexes.
- Electronic spectra of coordination complexes: Tanabe-Sugano diagrams.
- Magnetic properties of coordination complexes: Diamagnetism and paramagnetism.
Unit II: Organometallic Chemistry
- Introduction to organometallic compounds.
- Preparation, properties, and applications of organometallic compounds.
- Metal carbonyls: Structural features and bonding.
- Metallocene and ferrocene: Structure, properties, and applications.
Unit III: Nuclear Chemistry
- Structure of the nucleus: Nucleons, isotopes, isobars, and isotones.
- Nuclear reactions: Types of nuclear reactions, nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion.
- Radioactive decay: Alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma decay.
- Applications of nuclear chemistry: Radioisotopes in medicine and industry.
Unit IV: Chemistry of Non-Transition Elements
- Group 13 elements (Boron group): Hydrides, halides, oxides, and oxyacids.
- Group 14 elements (Carbon group): Allotropes of carbon, oxides of carbon, and silicates.
- Group 15 elements (Nitrogen group): Hydrides, halides, oxides, and oxyacids.
- Group 16 elements (Oxygen group): Hydrides, halides, oxides, and oxyacids.
Unit V: Chemistry of Transition Elements
- General characteristics of transition elements.
- Electronic configurations and oxidation states of transition elements.
- Coordination complexes of transition elements: Types of ligands, coordination number, and geometry.
- Properties of transition metal complexes: Color, magnetic properties, and catalytic activity.