Choose a specific area of interest that you would like to study. Have an idea of the types of research being done in your field and where you would like to fit in. Earning a Ph.D. requires intensive study and research of a specific area. Pick an area that is likely to keep your interest.
Obtain experience as a research assistant. This is the best way to understand what conducting research in the field entails and will help you to decide if this is the right career for you.
Find those who are conducting research in the same or a similar area. Don't just look at specific schools or areas where you would like to study. Rather, look at the researchers you would like to have as a supervisor. This person will become a major part of your life and have a large impact on your career.
Get to know the literature in your field and find researchers who are investigating topics that you find interesting. Contact these researchers before you apply to their programs and ask them about their research as well as what their programs require of Ph.D. students.
Visit the schools that you are interested in. Meet with both potential supervisors as well as current Ph.D. students. This will give you an idea about whether or not these specific programs would be a good fit for you.
Plan ahead of time for your application process. Most schools have a deadline for applications up to a year prior to the start of the the program you're applying to. Ph.D. applications also usually require a nonrefundable fee and many different components.
Create a cover letter/personal statement that explains your experience, your planned area of focus interest and your reason for applying to the specific program.
Take the GRE (or Graduate Record Examination) for your given field. You can designate that these scores be sent to specific schools.
Create a Curriculum Vitae. This is an academic resume that should be included with your application materials.
Gather letters of recommendation. These should also be included with your application. Use previous advisers who are familiar with your work.
Apply to multiple programs to maximize your potential for getting accepted.