Obtain a raise at your current job upon completion of the degree. Public elementary school teachers and sometimes other professions can receive automatic pay raises simply by notifying their employer of their advanced degree.
Seek promotion within your current job. A teacher who earns a doctorate in elementary education becomes more qualified to be a team leader, write lesson plans and curriculum for her grade level or otherwise increase her role. Outside the education field, the PhD can still be emphasized as a demonstration of high-level thinking and dedication as well as a mark of your ability to communicate ideas.
Teach education classes at a university. Most universities have an education department or at least some program for preparing certified teachers, and this PhD may very well be required for a full-time position on the education faculty at many colleges.
Conduct research on academic theory for a university. Separate from teaching classes, universities employ researchers to explore new methods of pedagogy and publish papers in the field.
Consult for politicians or education policy organizations. The government and related groups require highly trained academics to advise them on matters of curriculum and to analyze the effectiveness of programs.
Write textbooks for educational publishers. The writing of materials for young students requires an in-depth understanding of how to communicate ideas to the kids effectively. After all, the material isn't very difficult for any adult; the hard part of writing textbooks is knowing the finer points of how to teach the material.
Develop curriculum for private schools, Montessori schools, or early childhood facilities. Some PhD in Elementary Education programs emphasize alternative education and innovative methodologies. While public schools also need curriculum developers, these private elementary schools can offer opportunities to apply unique theories you may have developed in your doctoral studies.
Write and publish books for parents on how to educate their children. With your insight on how kids learn, perhaps you can write a bestseller advising parents on how to augment their education at home.