Choose the specific area that you would like to study. It is important that you enjoy this topic, since you will be required to investigate it in great depth over a period of years. Get an idea for the types of research that is being conducted in your field.
Obtain experience in research. You may want to find a position as a research assistant. This is a good way to understand what conducting research entails and will help you to decide if this is the career that you want.
Investigate those who are conducting research in the same or a similar area. Rather than looking at specific schools, consider the specific researchers who are doing the work that you would like to be involved in and who you would like to have as a supervisor. This person will become your primary mentor and can be a major influence on your career.
Gain a thorough understanding of the literature in your field, and find the researchers who are covering your topics of interest. Contact these researchers to find out about their programs. Try to visit the school and meet with the researcher individually, if possible. This will give you insight into what the program is like and whether it would be a good fit for you.
Consider multiple programs. Apply to as many program as possible. Planning is key to applying to PhD programs, so try to give yourself ample time to put your applications together. PhD applications also usually require a nonrefundable fee.
Write a cover letter/personal statement that explains your experience as well as your reasons for applying to that specific program.
Take the GRE (Graduate Record Examination) for your field. You can have the results sent to schools individually.
Create a Curriculum Vitae or academic resume that summarizes your experience. Make sure to include research experience as well as any articles you may have published.
Gather letters of recommendation. Use previous professors or advisers who are familiar with your work.