In order to apply for a government loan, you must fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid. This requires your financial information and, if you are claimed as a dependent on anyone's tax returns, their information as well.
Stafford loans are issued by the federal government and can either be subsidized or unsubsidized. The federal government will pay the interest on the subsidized loans as long as you are in school. Stafford loans do not require a credit check.
Perkins loans are also backed by the federal government, but they are distributed by the individual schools. Each school receives a certain amount to loan, and then the school determines who gets the loans.
PLUS loans are backed by the federal government, but, unlike Stafford and Perkins loans, the loan is issued to the parent rather than the student. These loans can be up to the difference between the full cost of attendance and any other loans and scholarships that the student is given.
Private loan companies such as Citi, Sallie Mae and SunTrust will issue loans for educational expenses. Private loans will often require co-signers or have a higher interest rates than government loans. These loans will also usually require a credit check.