* Rigor of secondary school curriculum: The courses you take and how well you perform in challenging classes matter more than a simple GPA number.
* Standardized test scores (SAT/ACT): While test-optional, submitting scores can still be a factor in the admissions decision.
* Essays and extracurricular activities: These demonstrate your personality, interests, and accomplishments outside the classroom.
* Letters of recommendation: Teachers and counselors provide insights into your character and abilities.
In short, while a high GPA is certainly beneficial and likely necessary to be a competitive applicant, there's no magic number that guarantees admission. Focusing on a strong academic record overall, along with a well-rounded application, is key.