Math teachers at all levels of study---elementary, high school and college---are required to have a bachelor's degree at the very minimum. The degree must also be from an accredited university. Universities that have education degrees or programs also usually have specifically designed concentrations for students interested in becoming a math teacher. Generally, these programs are offered for students interested in teaching math at the high school level.
Students interested in teaching mathematics at either the high school or the elementary level need to take courses in pedagogical methods as well as mathematics. Often, a degree will required general education studies as well as ones that are specific to math. Courses may include psychology, introduction to education, technology courses and practical training courses. Specific courses for mathematics include studies in algebra, statistics, calculus, trigonometry, geometry, logic studies and probability. Students wishing to teach at a high school level sometimes can choose to focus on one particular area of mathematics, such as algebra.
Students who wish to teach mathematics at the college or university level often need a doctoral degree in math, or, at the very least, a master's in mathematics to teach at a community college. Course work for students wishing to teach mathematics at the college level includes advanced studies in algebra, calculus, geometry and probability. For a doctorate in mathematics, students will have to focus on at least one area of mathematics, and they will have to produce a dissertation in that area.
To teach at an elementary or high school level, especially in a public school, teachers need to pass a licensing exam. These exams and specific requirements differ from state to state, but information can be found by contacting your local school district, as well as the department of education for your state. The majority of states require a series of exams on specific subjects in math, as well as general education skills such as communication abilities and classroom management skills. Basic education skills such as communication, language and social abilities are often tested using the Praxis Series examinations, which are written exams testing these specific areas.