Military schools in Europe were recognized and run by the government in the 18th century. In 1717, Germany opened Prussian Cadet Corps for officers. In 1732, Russia followed suit, and Britain established the Woolwich Artillery in 1741. The French founded L'Ecole Militaire in 1751 in Paris. This motivated Col. Henry Knox, future U.S. secretary of war. On May 16, 1776, he wrote a letter to congressman and future President John Adams, suggesting establishment of a military training school for young men in America.
Unlike those in Europe, early U.S. military schools for boys were unique because they didn't receive public funds. All of the early military schools were funded and operated by private individuals and groups. However, Congress agreed to fund the United States Military Academy at West Point. The school was set up in 1802 during President Thomas Jefferson's administration.
Most of the military schools built in the 18th century were still in operation in the early 19th. However, most had earned a reputation for being reform centers for wayward youth or spoiled children from wealthy families.
After the Vietnam War, military schools tended to fall out of fashion, and many closed. Many of the schools adopted open classrooms, featuring fewer lectures and more student freedom. Many schools were converted into day or boarding schools.
Today, military schools have re-emerged with a highly selective admission process. These include the Marine Corps Mountain Warfare Training Center, Officer Candidates School, the Joint Maritime Training Center and the Marine Corps University.