The introduction to a quantitative research paper states the problem or topic being studied. The paper has to cite references to studies that have already been done in the same area, because with quantitative research the focus is on building on existing work. The more cited references the better, because it indicates the writer has read widely in the field and is knowledgeable about the topic.
A quantitative research paper clearly outlines the design and methods used to gather the data. If it refers to conducting a survey using a sample of a specific population, for example, it has to define if the sample was representative or convenience-based. Measurements of, say, laboratory experiments, may use a control group and take validity and reliability into account. An important component of quantitative research is that the study must be able to be replicated so readers can verify the information for themselves. A second study may or may not get the same results as the first. If that happens, the validity of the design and method are called into question.
The results section of the research paper uses statistical analysis to explain the meaning of the collected data. Oftentimes tables, graphs and pie-charts help provide an overview of the study. The discussion in this part of the paper also offers an interpretation of data and draws conclusions about the significance of the study. A researcher is expected to identify any weaknesses in her study and offer suggestions as to how they could be overcome or improved upon. In some instances, a quantitative research paper will also identify further work that needs to be done in the area. This section may link back to the introduction and the research that has been cited in the course of the study.
The appendix is a collection of detailed material used in the quantitative study that didn't quite fit into the body of the research paper. This is the section of the paper enthusiasts will review to get a better idea of exactly how the study was conducted.