Generally, the requirements include:
* High GPA: This is almost always the most significant factor. The minimum GPA required is typically very high, often in the 3.8-4.0 range (out of a 4.0 scale) or its equivalent. The exact number varies between schools and sometimes even within departments.
* Course rigor: Some institutions consider the difficulty of the courses taken. Taking a challenging curriculum with many advanced or honors-level courses may be a factor, even if the GPA is slightly below the strict numerical cutoff.
* Other academic achievements: This can include things like:
* Honors theses or dissertations: Exceptional work on a major research project is often a significant plus.
* Awards and recognition: Receiving departmental, university-wide, or national academic awards can strengthen an application.
* Publications: Publishing research in academic journals or presenting at conferences can greatly enhance the chances.
* Significant extracurricular activities: While not always a requirement, exceptional involvement in relevant extracurricular activities, especially those demonstrating leadership and achievement, could be considered favorably by some universities.
* Application/nomination process: Often, students don't automatically qualify; they may need to apply or be nominated for highest distinction honors. This usually involves submitting a portfolio of academic work, letters of recommendation, and sometimes a written statement.
In short: To find out the precise requirements, you must consult your university's registrar's office, academic advising department, or the relevant section of your university's undergraduate catalog or website. The specifics are crucial, and the information above only represents general tendencies.