* 10th Standard: This is similar to the completion of middle school in the US system. It's often referred to as the Secondary School Certificate (SSC) or equivalent.
* 12th Standard: This is equivalent to the final year of high school. The specific name varies by board (e.g., CBSE, ICSE, State Boards), but it marks the completion of secondary education. The 12th-grade certificate is what's typically compared to a US high school diploma in the context of higher education applications abroad.
So, while not a perfect one-to-one match, the 12th-standard pass certificate from any recognized Indian board is generally accepted as the equivalent of a US high school diploma for further education and some employment purposes.