DNA estimation is the amount of light that passes through a sample. Using mass spectrometers, the DNA is hit with wavelengths of light ranging from 260 nm to 280 nm. The amount of light that passes through the DNA is recorded by a computer. Variations in the amount of light that transfers through the DNA shows impurities in the same, and potential defects in the amino acids and protein strings in the DNA sequence.
DNA estimation through light spectrometers is used to identify potential defects in amino acids and protein chains. These defects are classified through the returned light rate as being genetic defect, sample degradation, or potential genetic precursor to a disease. Using DNA estimation is faster and cheaper than testing each sample independently and thoroughly for potential problems to the health of the donor. If the sample is clean, the person is not at risk of certain testable diseases. This is not to say that the person will be healthy for life, only that he won't be at risk for specific ailments that are tested for.
When DNA is collected from a crime scene, there is always risk of degradation of the sample and possible contamination. Using DNA estimation, one can quickly see if there are organic materials or holes in the sample using the light spectrometer. The wavelengths sent and returned vary with the concentrations of matter between the two points. The computer can identify hundreds of potential contaminates. This process is cheaper than a genetic DNA test to compare two samples, and can assure law enforcement that the same is usable for comparative testing to other samples.
As more tests are conducted, more information is gathered about specific defects in the DNA strand. The ability to read and process specifics can lead to improved testing for ailments and future problems a person may face. Filters are being developed to mix with the standard light spectrometer waves to process through and around organic matter in order to view the strand despite contamination. Increased testing and funding will lead to better processes and more accurate results.