Here's a breakdown of what's important:
* Strong Undergraduate Education: You need a strong foundation in science (biology, chemistry, organic chemistry, physics) to get into medical school. Prestigious universities often have excellent science programs, but a solid education from a less well-known college with excellent science departments is equally effective. Focus on a strong GPA and MCAT score.
* Medical School: This is where the majority of your medical training relevant to gynecology will occur. Top medical schools generally have strong reputations and excellent resources, increasing your chances of matching into a competitive residency. However, many excellent medical schools exist, and success depends on your performance and your choice of specialties. Look at US News & World Report rankings as a starting point but consider factors beyond rankings, like research opportunities and faculty expertise.
* Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency: After medical school, you'll need a four-year residency in Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN). The quality of the residency program is crucial. Look at program size, faculty expertise, patient volume, and research opportunities. The location and the type of hospital (teaching hospital vs. community hospital) are also important factors to consider. Again, US News & World Report rankings are a starting point, but thorough research is essential.
* Fellowship (Optional but Recommended for Subspecialization): If you want to specialize further within gynecology (e.g., reproductive endocrinology and infertility, minimally invasive gynecologic surgery), you'll need a fellowship. The fellowship's reputation and faculty expertise are critical in these specialized areas.
In short: Choose a strong undergraduate program that allows you to excel in science courses, then focus your efforts on gaining admission to a reputable medical school and an excellent OB/GYN residency program. The specific name of the undergraduate institution is less important than your academic record and performance in the subsequent stages.