1. Medical Degree (MD or DO):
* This is the foundational requirement. Medical doctors obtain a Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree in most countries, while the United States also offers a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree, representing a slightly different approach to medical practice, but with similar scope and licensure. These degrees require extensive study, including pre-med coursework and four years of medical school.
2. Licensing/Registration:
* After medical school, physicians must obtain a license to practice medicine in the specific jurisdiction where they intend to work. This usually involves passing a rigorous licensing examination (e.g., USMLE in the US, PLAB in the UK) and meeting other requirements set by the relevant medical board or regulatory authority. This license is essential for legal practice.
3. Residency/Internship:
* This is a postgraduate training period of several years, depending on the chosen specialty. Residencies provide practical, hands-on experience under the supervision of experienced physicians. It's a crucial step in developing clinical competence.
4. Board Certification (Optional, but highly recommended for specialization):
* Many physicians choose to pursue board certification in a specific medical specialty (e.g., Cardiology, Oncology, Pediatrics). This involves passing a rigorous examination administered by a specialty board (e.g., American Board of Internal Medicine). Board certification demonstrates a high level of expertise and competence in a particular area. While not always legally mandated, it significantly enhances career prospects and often is a requirement for hospital privileges.
5. Continuing Medical Education (CME):
* Throughout their careers, physicians are required to participate in continuing medical education to stay up-to-date with the latest medical advances and maintain their license. The specific requirements for CME vary by jurisdiction and specialty.
In summary, the core requirements are a medical degree, licensing, and residency. Board certification is a highly valued addition for specialization, and CME is an ongoing necessity. The specifics of each step differ considerably across geographical locations.