Here's a breakdown:
* Residency is mandatory: Becoming a fully licensed physician requires completing a residency program after medical school. This is considered further education, although it's a required step to practice medicine independently.
* Fellowships are optional but common for specialists: To become a specialist (cardiologist, neurosurgeon, etc.), physicians almost always pursue fellowships, which are advanced post-residency training programs. These are considered further education.
* Continuing Medical Education (CME): After becoming a licensed physician, regardless of specialty, doctors are legally required to complete a certain number of Continuing Medical Education (CME) credits every year or several years to maintain their license. This involves attending conferences, taking courses, and engaging in other learning activities to stay up-to-date on the latest medical advancements and best practices. This is ongoing further education.
* Subspecialization: Even after specializing, some doctors choose to further specialize within their chosen field, requiring more advanced training and education.
In short, while the initial education to become a doctor is extensive, the learning continues throughout a physician's career. While the specific requirements vary by location and specialty, ongoing education is essential for both legal compliance and professional success.