1. Juris Doctor (J.D.): This is the first and most essential requirement. A J.D. is a professional degree in law, awarded after three years of study at an accredited law school. Strong academic performance is crucial, usually evidenced by high grades and class rank.
2. Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) or other relevant advanced degree (often, but not always): While a J.D. is mandatory, many law professors also hold a Ph.D. or other advanced degree in a related field, such as political science, history, economics, or sociology. This is especially true for those aiming for tenure-track positions at top universities. A Ph.D. demonstrates advanced research skills and deep scholarly expertise in a specific area of law. Some professors might have an LLM (Master of Laws) instead, but this is generally less common than a Ph.D. for tenure-track positions.
3. Exceptional academic record: Beyond the degrees themselves, a strong academic track record is vital. This includes high grades in law school, excellent performance on the bar exam (though not always required for a teaching position), significant publications (articles in peer-reviewed law journals), and strong recommendations from influential figures in the legal field.
In short, while a J.D. is absolutely required, a Ph.D. or similar advanced degree significantly increases the chances of obtaining a tenure-track position at a research-oriented university. Many teaching positions at smaller institutions or those focused on practice may be filled with individuals possessing only a J.D. and significant legal experience.