Minimum Qualifications:
* Doctoral Degree (Ph.D.): A Ph.D. in Mathematics or a closely related field (e.g., Statistics, Applied Mathematics, Computational Mathematics) is almost universally required. The Ph.D. involves significant original research culminating in a dissertation. The quality and impact of the dissertation are crucial for securing a tenure-track position.
* Strong Academic Record: A consistently strong academic record throughout undergraduate and graduate studies is essential. High GPAs and excellent performance in advanced mathematics courses are expected.
* Publication Record (for tenure-track positions): While not always required for entry-level positions, publications in reputable mathematics journals are vital for advancement and obtaining tenure at research-focused universities. The number and quality of publications are key factors in the hiring and promotion processes.
* Teaching Experience: While some entry-level positions might not demand extensive experience, teaching experience (e.g., teaching assistant experience during graduate school, instructor positions) is highly valued. Demonstrated teaching skills and positive student evaluations are important.
* Research Experience: This is particularly crucial for research-focused universities. This includes experience in conducting research, presenting research at conferences, and collaborating with other researchers.
Experience Beyond Minimums (for advancement and prestigious positions):
* Postdoctoral Research: Many aspiring math professors complete postdoctoral research fellowships after their Ph.D. This provides further research experience, networking opportunities, and enhances their publication record.
* Grant Writing: Securing research grants demonstrates the ability to secure funding and manage research projects independently.
* Mentorship: Mentoring students and junior colleagues demonstrates leadership and commitment to the field.
* Service: Contributing to the mathematical community through service on committees, editorial boards, or professional organizations strengthens a candidate's profile.
Specific Considerations:
* Community Colleges: Community colleges may have less stringent requirements, potentially accepting candidates with Master's degrees in some cases, though a Ph.D. is increasingly preferred. Teaching experience is heavily weighted.
* Research Universities: These institutions prioritize research output and grant funding. A strong publication record and external funding are critical for obtaining and maintaining a position.
* Teaching-focused institutions: These institutions may place greater emphasis on teaching experience and pedagogical skills.
In summary, becoming a math professor requires a significant investment in education and research. A Ph.D. is the fundamental requirement, followed by a demonstrated ability to conduct original research, teach effectively, and contribute to the mathematical community. The specific weight given to each factor depends heavily on the type of institution and the professor's career aspirations.