Possibly the most important apparatus a physics lab can have is a machine to measure time. Examples include:
Timers
Clocks
Laser gates
Computers
(Computers can measure time more accurately and consistently than a human ever could.)
Another major category of physics is general detection. Detecting the unseen is a cornerstone.
Examples include:
Magnetic field detectors
Thermometers
Voltmeters
EMF detectors
Weight scales
Perhaps the largest category of physics equipment is the one that involve machines. These machines are generally used to show principles of physics or determine new ones. Perhaps the current most famous physics machine would be the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Other examples include:
Calorimeter
Gyroscopes
Inteferometer
This category is very long and diverse.