Disorders on the autistic spectrum include autism, Asperger's syndrome, and PPD-NOS. These are neurological, pervasive developmental disorders that impair communication, cognitive and social skills. People with an autism spectrum disorder typically have problems communicating with others and engaging in peer interactions. They may also have heightened sensitivity to stimuli and follow repetitive routines. Symptoms of autism spectrum disorders can usually be seen in a child at 18 months of age.
Higher education may pose special problems for individuals with an autism spectrum disorder. Like most college students, they are probably alone for the first time in their lives and must learn to cope with the responsibilities of taking care of themselves. Socializing and learning new routines might also prove to be challenges.
However, higher education may be a comfortable setting for individuals on the spectrum, especially those who excel in a particular academic topic. The academic setting allows individuals on the spectrum to focus more on their talents and have a more relaxed schedule. Autism researcher Simon Baron-Cohen argues that many people may be unaware of the number of autistic individuals in areas such as mathematics and engineering, where odd behavior is generally more acceptable.
Before going to an institute of higher education, people on the autism spectrum may wish to disclose their disorders to a support center on the campus, such as a disability support officer, counselor or health services department. This helps to ensure that people with autism spectrum disorders get the proper accommodations needed to succeed in college.
People with autism spectrum disorders should also have a plan prepared for when a crisis occurs, and learn how to organize their course loads and studying. They should also have a plan in place for taking care of daily needs. It may be difficult to prepare for completing chores, such as buying food or washing laundry. Many people with an autism spectrum disorder might not get proper nutrition, because many tend to eat too much or too little or eat the same foods every day. A support system, either of peers or professionals, should be in place so people on the autism spectrum do not fall behind or become overwhelmed.
Several people with autism spectrum disorders have graduated from institutes of higher education. Temple Grandin, Ph.D., famous for revolutionizing the cattle industry, earned her Ph.D. in animal science at the University of Illinois. She went on to become a professor of animal science at Colorado State University and write several books on autism.
Vernon L. Smith, diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome, earned a Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University and went on to win a Nobel Prize for his work in experimental economics. Many people also speculate that people such as Albert Einstein, Thomas Edison and Van Gogh had autism spectrum disorders, although there is only anecdotal evidence for these claims.
Organizations such as Autism Higher Education Foundation and AHEADD provide assistance for people in high education who have autism spectrum disorders. These organizations help people with autism spectrum disorders utilize campus resources and interact with campus staff for support.
Programs such as College Living Experience provide assistance for students with developmental disorders to adjust to independent life. The students live in apartments, interact with peers who also have developmental disorders, and receive regular direction from counselors or coordinators. Books are available to learn more about going to college with an autism spectrum disorder, such as "Succeeding in College with Asperger Syndrome" written by John Harpur and "Aquamarine Blue 5" by Dawn Prince-Hughes.