How to Find Y-Intercepts From Foci & X-Intercepts

There are two conic sections, namely the ellipse and hyperbola, which have two focus points, called foci. The relationship between the points on the conic section and the foci define the type of conic section. In the case of an ellipse, the sum of the distance from the each of the foci to any point on the ellipse is constant. For a hyperbola, the difference between the distances from each of the foci to a point on the hyperbola is constant.

Instructions

    • 1

      Determine the orientation of the conic section. Examine the foci coordinates (xf1, yf1) and (xf2, yf2). If xf1 = xf2 then the conic section is x-orientated (major axis perpendicular to the x-axis for an ellipse, or open to the top for a hyperbola). Alternatively, yf1 = yf2 and the conic section is y-orientated (major axis perpendicular to the y-axis for an ellipse, or open to the sides for a hyperbola).

    • 2

      Calculate the coordinates of the conic section centroid. Consider an x-orientated conic section. The x-coordinate of the centroid (xc) is the same as x-coordinates of the foci (xc = xf1 = xf2). The y-coordinate of the centroid (yc) lies halfway between foci:

      yc = 0.5*(yf1+yf2)

      The opposite would be true for a y-orientated conic section, namely: xc = 0.5*(xf1+xf2) and yc = yf1 = yf2.

    • 3

      Write down the general equation for the conic section. For an ellipse:

      (x-xc)^2/a^2 + (y-yc)^2/b^2 = 1

      In the above equation, (xc, yc) is the coordinate of the conic section centroid calculated in Step 2, and "a" and "b" are the half-lengths of the conic section axes in the x- and y-directions respectively and are as yet unknown.

      For an y-orientated hyperbola:

      (x-xc)^2/a^2 - (y-yc)^2/b^2 = 1

      For an x-orientated hyperbola:

      -(x-xc)^2/a^2 + (y-yc)^2/b^2 = 1

      In the hyperbola equations (xc, yc) is once again the conic section centroid while the ratios "+-a/b" and "+-b/a" are the gradients of the asymptotes for a y-orientated and x-orientated hyperbola respectively. Again "a" and "b" are as yet unknown.

    • 4

      Solve for the unknowns "a" and "b". Substitute the given x-intercept coordinates, (x1,0) and (x2,0), into the relevant general equation and solve for "a" and "b" simultaneously.

      An alternative method for solving the unknowns should only one x-intercept be given involves first calculating the distance from the centroid to a focus point. This distance (f) is half the distance between the two foci. For a conic section the following relationship is also true:

      f^2 = a^2 + b^2

      This relationship can be used along with the appropriate general equation, into which the given x-intercept coordinate is substituted, to solve for "a" and "b" simultaneously.

    • 5

      Calculate the y-intercepts. Set x = 0 in the fully defined general equation and solve for y.

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