How to Determine a Polynomial From Roots & Intercepts

A polynomial is a mathematical expression composed of variables and constants combined by only certain operations---addition, subtraction and multiplication. In addition, a polynomial can be solved for roots, or zeros, which describe the points at which the graph of the polynomial intercepts the x-axis. The degree of the polynomials identifies how many roots the graph will have. A second degree polynomial, for example, is characterized as having its greatest exponential equal to 2 and will subsequently have 2 roots. Given the roots of a polynomial, the FOIL method can be used to identify the polynomial expression.

Things You'll Need

  • Roots of a polynomial
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Instructions

    • 1

      Identify the given roots. Suppose that a graph is presented that crosses the x-axis at -2 and +2; thus the roots of this graph are (x = 2) and (x = -2).

    • 2

      Use algebra to set the two root equations equal to zero. The first root is subtracted by 2 on both sides, and the second root needs 2 added to both sides to have each expression equal zero ((x - 2 = 0) and (x + 2 = 0)).

    • 3

      Multiply the two root expressions using the FOIL method. FOIL is an acronym that describes the steps to multiplying the two expressions---First, Outer, Inner and Last. The first terms of each expression are multiplied and then followed by the two outer terms, the two inner terms and the two last terms.

      First: x * x = x^2

      Outer: x * 2 = 2x

      Inner: -2 * x = -2x

      Last: -2 * 2 = -4

    • 4

      Add all of these resulting terms together and combine like terms to identify the polynomial. A polynomial of degree two with roots of -2 and 2 would be (x^2 + 2x + -2x + -4) = (x^2 - 4). Thus, the polynomial is x^2 - 4.

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