Thermal resistance refers to the ability of the parts of the building structure to resist heat flow at different temperatures. The heat flow through the building components such as concrete walls depends on the temperature differences between the interior and the exterior surfaces of the wall, the thickness of the building component and the ability of the building components to conduct heat. As a result, buildings with greater thickness and low conductivity have high thermal resistance, making the exterior walls remain hot during hot weather, while the inside walls remain cold.
Thermal mass refers to the ability of the building as a whole or its components to absorb and store heat during the hot periods of the day, and to release it during cold periods such as at night. Concrete is one such ideal building material preferable for constructing residential and commercial structures given its desirable thermal mass characteristics. During winter, concrete walls with high thermal mass absorb radiant heat from the sun, and release it back into the room during the night when it is coldest.
Thermal conductivity refers to the property of the building materials or building components to conduct heat. Heat transfer across building materials with high thermal conductivity is faster than across materials with low thermal conductivity. Based on this principle, the ability of the building parts or components to act as heat insulation or conduction can be evaluated with regard to their thermal conductivity.
Heat loss refers to the property of the building structure to lose heat. Heat loss in the building can be enhanced when a well-constructed building is well-ventilated. Ventilation will ensure the free flow of air in the rooms especially through the doors and windows. Cracks in the walls, as well as the ability of the building to generate heat that can warm the air inside the rooms so that air can flow freely, also encourage ventilation.