The Method for Factoring Polynomials With a Calculator

A polynomial is a mathematical expression of the general form ax^n+bx+c, with constants a, b and c and n>0. Factoring is a process whereby the roots, or zeros, of a polynomial are found. While factoring simple polynomials is fairly easy, the process can become very daunting for complex polynomials and may require the use of calculators. While scientific calculators, such as the TI-89, do not have a built-in program that factors polynomials, it is possible to identify the roots by graphing the functions with a TI-89 graphing calculator, or equivalent, and identifying the points where the graph crosses the x-axis.
  1. Graph the Polynomial

    • Identify how many zeros, or roots, the graph contains and make sure it corresponds to the highest ordered polynomial in the equation. This is done by entering the polynomial expression into the "y=" section of the graphing calculator and graphing the polynomial. For example, a polynomial of degree 3, meaning the highest exponent in the polynomial is a 3, will have 3 areas on the graph where it intersects the x-axis.

    Find the Roots

    • The roots can be identified by pressing "Math," then "Zero" to identify the upper and lower bound for a particular intercept. These bounds can be any value on the x-axis that serve as an upper and lower limit for the particular intercept. For example, if the graph appears to cross the x-axis at 2, then -1 and 4 would be reasonable lower and upper bounds respectively, as the root falls between these two values. This process should be repeated for each root on the graph.

    Record the Roots

    • Copy down the roots in the form of x=corresponding root value. For example, if second degree polynomial has roots of -4 and 2, they should be written as: x = -4 and x = 2

    Roots in Factored Form

    • To put the roots in the correct factored form, solve for each expression to equal zero and place the two individual expressions side-by-side for the final factored form. Using the previous example, a second degree polynomial with roots of -4 and 2 would be written as:

      (x+4 )(x-2).

      x + 4 = 0 and x -- 2 = 0

      (x+4)(x-2)

    Check the Answer

    • These two expressions can be multiplied together, using the FOIL method, to check the answer. The product of these two expressions should equal the original polynomial graphed by the calculator. Instructions for performing the FOIL method are provided in the Resources section.

    Comprehension

    • It should be noted that most math instructors will want to see these types of problems factored by hand instead of using this shortcut with a calculator. Nevertheless, this method is an excellent way to check an answer if a problem has been factored by hand.

Learnify Hub © www.0685.com All Rights Reserved