Is a thesis statement just that loosely says what the topic is?

No, a thesis statement is much more than a loose statement of the topic. While it does indicate the topic, it also makes a specific, arguable claim about that topic. It's the central argument of your entire paper. Think of it as a roadmap for your reader, telling them exactly where your essay is going and what point you'll be proving.

A loose statement of the topic might be: "This paper is about dogs."

A strong thesis statement would be: "The domestication of dogs significantly altered human societal structures, facilitating hunting, protection, and the development of early social hierarchies."

See the difference? The first is merely descriptive. The second makes a claim that needs to be supported with evidence and analysis throughout the paper. A good thesis statement is:

* Specific: It focuses on a narrow aspect of the broader topic.

* Arguable: It presents a claim that can be debated or challenged.

* Concise: It's stated clearly and directly, usually in one or two sentences.

* Supportable: It can be backed up with evidence.

A thesis statement is the backbone of your paper; it's not just a topic sentence, but a complete and focused declaration of your argument.