Worldbuilding:
* Myth-making: Tolkien meticulously crafted a complex mythology for Middle-earth, complete with ancient languages, races, history, and legends. This depth and detail contribute to the world's feeling of authenticity.
* Detailed description: He paints vivid pictures of landscapes, architecture, and even the mundane details of everyday life in Middle-earth. This immersiveness allows readers to truly feel like they are there.
* Consistent internal logic: The world operates under its own internal rules, from the laws of magic to the social structures of different races. This consistency reinforces the sense of reality.
* Historical depth: Tolkien presents Middle-earth as a place with a rich history and a sense of timelessness. This gives the story a weight and significance beyond a mere adventure.
Narrative Techniques:
* Third-person omniscient narration: Tolkien frequently employs this perspective, allowing him to access the thoughts and motivations of multiple characters.
* Multiple perspectives: He tells the story through the eyes of various characters, providing a more comprehensive view of events and offering different interpretations.
* Use of subplots: The main narrative is interwoven with subplots, enriching the overall narrative and exploring themes in greater depth.
* Epic scope: Tolkien's stories are expansive in scope, spanning vast distances, lengthy periods, and encompassing numerous characters and events.
* Symbolism: Tolkien heavily utilizes symbolism, imbuing objects, characters, and events with deeper meanings, adding layers of interpretation to the narrative.
* Folklore and mythology: Tolkien draws inspiration from ancient myths and legends, giving his story a timeless and universal quality.
Language and Style:
* Archaic diction: He employs archaic language, adding an old-world feel and echoing the stories' mythological roots.
* Alliteration and assonance: These devices contribute to the lyrical flow and rhythmic beauty of his prose.
* Detailed descriptions: Tolkien uses vivid imagery and sensory details to paint a picture of his world and characters.
* Direct and concise language: While his language is often ornate, it's also direct and clear, conveying the story efficiently.
Themes:
* Good vs. evil: This classic theme is central to Tolkien's work, exploring the battle between darkness and light, and the courage needed to resist temptation.
* The nature of power: Tolkien examines the corrupting influence of power and the dangers of seeking it for its own sake.
* Friendship and loyalty: The importance of these themes is emphasized through the relationships between the characters, particularly the fellowship of the hobbits.
* Sacrifice and redemption: Characters make sacrifices for the greater good, demonstrating the power of selflessness and the possibility of redemption.
* The power of hope: Even in the face of overwhelming darkness, hope persists, reminding readers that even in the direst of circumstances, light can prevail.
These are just some of the many techniques Tolkien employs in his writing. His mastery of language, narrative, and worldbuilding contribute to the enduring legacy of his work.