1. Scale and Ambitiousness:
* Ottonian: Manuscripts were often larger and more ambitious in scale. They featured elaborate illustrations that dominated the page, showcasing a heightened sense of drama and grandeur.
* Carolingian: Manuscripts tended to be smaller and more restrained. Illustrations were usually smaller and less detailed, often serving as a complement to the text rather than dominating it.
2. Artistic Style:
* Ottonian: Art shifted towards a more monumental and expressive style. Figures were depicted in a more naturalistic way, with emphasis on volume and weight. There was a greater use of vibrant colors and intricate patterns.
* Carolingian: Art maintained a more idealized and classical style. Figures were often stiff and elongated, with a focus on clarity and legibility. Color palettes were typically subdued, relying on gold and muted tones.
3. Artistic Technique:
* Ottonian: Artists employed more sophisticated techniques, like the use of gold leaf for backgrounds and highlights. They experimented with new materials and binding techniques, resulting in more intricate and durable manuscripts.
* Carolingian: While technically skilled, Carolingian artists tended to rely on traditional techniques and materials.
4. Patronage and Purpose:
* Ottonian: Ottonian manuscripts were often commissioned by powerful figures like emperors and bishops, reflecting their desire to showcase the grandeur and authority of their reign. They often included scenes from the Bible or stories of saints, reinforcing Christian doctrine and the power of the Church.
* Carolingian: Carolingian manuscripts were primarily produced for monastic communities, reflecting a focus on religious study and devotion.
In essence:
* Carolingian manuscripts established a foundation for the development of manuscript art, focusing on clarity and legibility.
* Ottonian manuscripts built upon this foundation, pushing artistic boundaries with greater scale, ambition, and technical sophistication. They represent a shift towards a more expressive and monumental style, reflecting the changing political and cultural landscape of the time.
It's important to note that this is a broad generalization. There are exceptions and variations within each period, and both Carolingian and Ottonian manuscripts remain significant artistic achievements.