Some of the functions of litmus paper are:
1. Identify Acids: In acidic solutions such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) or vinegar, litmus paper changes color from blue to red.
2. Identify Bases: In alkaline solutions such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or baking soda solution, litmus paper turns blue from red.
Litmus paper works because the litmus dye molecules in the paper are able to donate or accept hydrogen ions (H+). In an acidic solution, where the concentration of H+ ions is high, the litmus molecules donate H+ ions, causing the paper to turn red. In a basic solution, where the concentration of H+ ions is low, the litmus molecules accept H+ ions, causing the paper to turn blue.
Litmus paper is an essential tool in many laboratories and industries, including:
- Chemistry
- Biology
- Medicine
- Education