1. Diction (Word Choice):
* Formal vs. Informal: Formal diction uses elevated language, while informal diction is more casual.
* Connotation vs. Denotation: Connotation refers to the implied meaning of a word, while denotation is its literal meaning.
* Specific vs. General: Specific words create vivid imagery, while general words are more abstract.
2. Syntax (Sentence Structure):
* Sentence Length: Short sentences create a sense of urgency or simplicity, while long sentences can be complex and reflective.
* Sentence Type: Declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences all have different effects.
* Placement of Phrases and Clauses: Inversion, parallelism, and other techniques can emphasize certain ideas or create rhythm.
3. Imagery (Sensory Details):
* Visual: Appeals to sight.
* Auditory: Appeals to sound.
* Olfactory: Appeals to smell.
* Gustatory: Appeals to taste.
* Tactile: Appeals to touch.
4. Figurative Language:
* Simile: Comparison using "like" or "as."
* Metaphor: Direct comparison without "like" or "as."
* Personification: Giving human qualities to inanimate objects.
* Symbolism: Objects, characters, or events that represent abstract ideas.
* Allusion: Reference to a well-known person, place, event, or literary work.
5. Tone and Mood:
* Tone: The author's attitude towards the subject matter (e.g., humorous, serious, sarcastic).
* Mood: The emotional atmosphere the author creates for the reader (e.g., suspenseful, melancholic, hopeful).
6. Point of View:
* First Person: The narrator is a character in the story.
* Second Person: The narrator addresses the reader directly.
* Third Person: The narrator is an observer outside the story.
7. Structure:
* Linear: Events unfold chronologically.
* Non-linear: Events are presented out of order, often through flashbacks or dream sequences.
* Episodic: A series of loosely connected events or stories.
8. Theme:
* The central idea or message the author explores. Themes can be universal, like love, loss, or redemption.
Important Note: Literary style is not a static entity. It's a dynamic combination of these elements, which authors use creatively and strategically to achieve their artistic goals.