* Ancient Roots: Epic poetry emerged in oral cultures around the world. These stories were passed down through generations by bards, storytellers, and singers. Examples include:
* Mesopotamia: *The Epic of Gilgamesh* (c. 2100 BCE) is one of the earliest surviving epics.
* India: *The Mahabharata* and *The Ramayana* (c. 400 BCE) are massive epics exploring themes of dharma, duty, and love.
* Greece: *The Iliad* and *The Odyssey* by Homer (c. 8th century BCE) are foundational Western epics.
* No Single Author: Many epics were originally attributed to specific authors like Homer, but scholars believe these poems were actually compiled and shaped over time by different storytellers.
* Evolution Across Cultures: The epic tradition adapted and evolved across different cultures, incorporating unique themes, values, and storytelling techniques.
Key Elements that Define an Epic:
* Heroic Deeds: Focuses on the adventures and exploits of a central hero, often larger-than-life.
* Mythological Themes: Includes gods, goddesses, and supernatural elements.
* Extensive Scope: Covers a wide range of time and space, often encompassing the history or mythology of a culture.
* Elevated Language: Uses elevated, formal language, often employing metaphors, similes, and poetic devices.
* Moral or Philosophical Dimensions: Explores ethical questions, human nature, and the nature of the universe.
Instead of an "originator," it's more accurate to see the epic tradition as a constantly developing and evolving form, influenced by countless storytellers and cultures throughout history.