- The President's Citation twice (1993 and 1999).
- The Robert F. Packard Prize in 1995.
- The American Crystallographic Association's Past-President's Plaque in 1997.
- The American Chemical Society's George A. Olah Award in Synthetic Organic Chemistry in 2000.
- The Chemical Pioneer Award from the American Institute of Chemists in 2001.
- The American Physical Society's John Wheatley Award in 2002.
- The Wolf Prize in Chemistry in 2004.
- The Benjamin Franklin Medal in Chemistry in 2006.
- The ACS Award in Inorganic Chemistry in 2007.
- The James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics in 2008.
- The National Academy of Sciences' Alexander Hollaender Award in Biophysics in 2009.
- The Linus Pauling Award in 2010.
- The Enrico Fermi Award in 2012.
- The Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2013.
In total, he has won over 30 awards for his work in chemistry, physics, and materials science.