* Describe the characteristics of a population or phenomenon: This is the most fundamental purpose. It aims to accurately portray the current state of affairs without trying to explain why things are that way. This could involve describing demographics, behaviors, attitudes, or other characteristics.
* Identify potential relationships between variables: While not testing causality, descriptive research can reveal correlations or patterns between different variables. This can then inform further research, suggesting areas for more in-depth investigation using explanatory or causal research methods.
* Develop hypotheses for future research: By observing and describing a phenomenon, researchers can generate testable hypotheses about the underlying causes or relationships. Descriptive research provides the groundwork for more complex studies.
* Provide a baseline for future comparisons: Tracking changes over time requires a starting point. Descriptive studies can establish a baseline against which future changes can be measured and analyzed.
* Generate insights for practical applications: Descriptive research can provide valuable information for informing decision-making in various fields, such as marketing, public health, and education. For example, understanding consumer preferences can guide product development.
In short, descriptive research is about painting a picture of what *is*, laying the foundation for understanding *why* through subsequent research. It's about accurately observing and documenting a phenomenon in detail, rather than explaining it.