General terms:
* Historical context: This is the most common term and refers to the overall historical events and social conditions that surrounded the poem's creation. This includes political, economic, cultural, and technological factors.
* Contemporary events: This refers to events that were happening specifically at the time the poem was written.
* Zeitgeist: This German word refers to the "spirit of the time" and encompasses the prevailing intellectual, cultural, and social climate of the era.
More specific terms:
* Historical setting: This refers to the specific location and time period of the events described in the poem.
* Background information: This is a broader term that can encompass any information relevant to understanding the poem's context, including historical events, author's life, and social issues.
The best term to use will depend on the specific focus of your analysis. For example, if you are discussing how a specific historical event influenced the poem's themes, "historical context" or "contemporary events" might be appropriate. If you are discussing the overall cultural and social climate of the time, "zeitgeist" or "background information" might be more suitable.