Parallelism: Using similar grammatical structures in successive lines or phrases can create a sense of balance and harmony.
Contrast: Contrasting images or ideas can create tension and interest.
Alliteration: Repeating the same initial consonant sound in a line or phrase can create a sense of musicality.
Assonance: Repeating the same vowel sound in a line or phrase can create a sense of euphony.
Consonance: Repeating the same consonant sound in a line or phrase can create a sense of texture.
Metaphor: Comparing two unlike things without using the words "like" or "as" can create a sense of vividness and imagination.
Simile: Comparing two unlike things using the words "like" or "as" can create a sense of clarity and precision.
Personification: Giving human qualities to an animal, object, or idea can create a sense of intimacy and empathy.
Symbolism: Using an object or image to represent something else can create a sense of mystery and depth.
Allusion: Referring to a well-known person, place, or event can create a sense of context and resonance.
Imagery: Using descriptive language to create a vivid picture in the reader's mind can create a sense of atmosphere and mood.
Figurative language: Using figurative language, such as metaphor, simile, and personification, can add depth and richness to a poem.
Sound effects: Using alliteration, assonance, and consonance can create a sense of musicality and euphony.
Rhythm: Using a regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables can create a sense of movement and energy.