1. Technological advancements: The late 19th century saw a series of important technological advancements that made it easier and cheaper to produce and distribute printed materials. These advancements included the invention of the steam-powered printing press, the rotary press, and the linotype machine. These new technologies allowed newspapers and magazines to be produced in much larger quantities and at lower costs, making them more accessible to the general public.
2. Growing literacy rates: The late 19th and early 20th centuries also saw a significant increase in literacy rates in the United States and Europe. This made it possible for more people than ever before to read and enjoy newspapers, magazines, and books.
3. Rising demand for information: The late 19th and early 20th centuries were a time of great social, economic, and political change. People were eager for information about the latest news and trends, and newspapers and magazines were able to provide this information quickly and effectively.
4. Lack of other media options: In the early 20th century, there was no radio, television, or internet. This meant that print media was the primary way for people to get their news and information. As a result, newspapers and magazines were able to command a large audience and generate significant revenue.
All of these factors combined to make the period from 1890 to 1920 a golden age for print media. Newspapers and magazines were at their peak in terms of circulation, readership, and influence.