What is the term for person who studies literature?

The most common term is literary scholar or literary critic. Other terms, depending on their focus and level of study, might include:

* Philologist: This term is broader, encompassing the study of language in its historical and cultural context, which often includes literature.

* Professor of English/Literature/etc.: This is a job title, but implies expertise in literature.

* Humanist: While not solely focused on literature, humanists often engage with literary texts.

The best term depends on the context.