1. Symbolism:
* The windmill: Represents the pigs' ambition, but also their ruthlessness. Its rebuilding symbolizes the pigs' growing power and the animals' continued exploitation.
* The pigs walking on two legs: A blatant symbol of the pigs mirroring human behavior, losing their animal identity, and becoming indistinguishable from the humans they originally rebelled against.
* The green flag with a hoof and horn: Originally a symbol of animal unity and rebellion, now becomes a tool of the pigs to control and manipulate the other animals.
2. Irony:
* "All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others": A blatant contradiction of the Seven Commandments, highlighting the pigs' hypocrisy and their blatant disregard for equality.
* The pigs' rationalizations: The pigs justify their actions by claiming they are working for the benefit of the animals, while in reality, they exploit them.
* The animals' continuing naivety: Despite the pigs' blatant manipulation, many animals remain oblivious or choose to believe the pigs' justifications.
3. Satire:
* The pigs' adoption of human vices: The pigs engaging in drinking, gambling, trading with humans, and even wearing human clothing satirizes the corruption and hypocrisy of human societies.
* The animals' inability to learn from history: The animals' blind faith in the pigs and their repetition of past mistakes (like the windmill) satirizes human history and the cyclical nature of power struggles.
* The pigs' rewriting of history: The pigs altering the Seven Commandments to suit their own interests satirizes the manipulation of history and the suppression of dissent.
4. Personification:
* The animals' ability to speak: Personifies the animals, giving them the ability to reason and express their own thoughts and opinions.
* The animals' emotional responses: The animals react to the pigs' actions with fear, anger, and frustration, highlighting their emotional intelligence and their capacity for suffering.
5. Foreshadowing:
* The pigs' increasing control: The gradual acquisition of power by the pigs foreshadows the eventual totalitarian regime.
* The animals' inability to question: The animals' blind acceptance of the pigs' actions foreshadows their inability to resist the pigs' tyranny.
These are just some of the literary devices present in Chapter 9. By utilizing these devices, Orwell crafts a powerful and disturbing story that serves as a warning against the dangers of totalitarianism and the consequences of unchecked power.